University of tulsa cyber espionage1/31/2024 ![]() ![]() Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Nevertheless, to assert that international law does not apply to these activities would be misguided, as there is a substantial body of existing rules, which indirectly regulate espionage, such as the principles of territorial sovereignty, non-intervention and the law on diplomatic relations, to name but a few. Some commentators argue that it exists in the twilight of international law, whilst others contend that the rules of lex lata have little role to play as they neither prohibit nor allow states to engage in this method of gathering information. The international law's stance regarding peacetime espionage has traditionally been and remains rather ambivalent. It has and continues to be an indispensable part of the activities that most governments undertake, but characteristically it is shrouded in secrecy and usually denied. ![]() Peacetime espionage as a method for states’ gathering military, political, commercial or other secret information by means of spies, secret agents or monitoring devices has a long and well-documented history. ![]()
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